{"id":2499,"date":"2023-02-20T02:16:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T02:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yourpcb.com\/?p=2499"},"modified":"2023-03-22T12:03:44","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T12:03:44","slug":"what-are-pcb-boards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yourpcb.com\/what-are-pcb-boards\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are PCB Boards: The Ultimate Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What are PCB boards? The world is undergoing changes, and at the center of it is technology. We have seen the development of electronic devices to manage almost every life aspect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surprisingly, many don\u2019t know that these electronic devices come with a printed circuit board (PCB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what are PCB boards, where can you use them, and how are they designed? For answers to these questions and more, keep reading. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"simpletoc-title\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what-are-pcb-boards%25c2%25a0\">What Are PCB Boards\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#application-of-pcbs%25c2%25a0\">Application of PCBs\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#types-of-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Types of PCB\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n\n<ul><li>\n<a href=\"#single-layer-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Single Layer PCB\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#double-layer-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Double Layer PCB\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#multilayer-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Multi-Layer PCB\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#flexible-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Flexible PCB\n\u00a0<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rigidflex-pcb\">Rigid-Flex PCB<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#highfrequency-pcb\">High-Frequency PCB<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#aluminum-backed-pcb\">Aluminum Backed PCB<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#pcb-manufacturing-process\">PCB Manufacturing Process<\/a>\n\n\n<ul><li>\n<a href=\"#the-design\">The Design<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-print\">The Print<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-substrate\">The substrate<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-layers\">The Layers<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-bonding\">The Bonding<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-refining-and-inspection\">The Refining and Inspection<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lamination-pressing-and-drilling\">Lamination, Pressing, and Drilling<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-plating\">The Plating<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#outer-layer-imaging\">Outer Layer Imaging<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-plating\">The Plating<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-final-etch\">The Final Etch<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#solder-mask-application\">Solder Mask Application<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#surface-finish\">Surface Finish<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-silkscreen\">The Silkscreen<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-final-test\">The Final Test<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the-cutting\">The Cutting<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#top-pcb-design-programs\">Top PCB Design Programs<\/a>\n\n\n<ul><li>\n<a href=\"#what-are-pcb-boards-eagle\">What Are PCB Boards: Eagle<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-are-pcb-boards-altium\">What Are PCB Boards: Altium<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-are-pcb-boards-proteus\">What Are PCB Boards: Proteus<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ<\/a>\n\n\n<ul><li>\n<a href=\"#what-materials-are-important-for-pcb-layout-design\">What materials are important for PCB layout design?<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-constitutes-a-good-pcb-layout\">What constitutes a good PCB layout?<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-is-a-pcbs-primary-purpose\">What is a PCB&#8217;s primary purpose?<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-pcb-boards%25c2%25a0\">What Are PCB Boards<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>PCB is an abbreviation for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Printed_circuit_board\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Printed Circuit board<\/a>. Generally, it\u2019s a board having printed wires that allow electrical connectivity. A PCB board might have a single layer or multiple circuitry layers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, it has a low-conducting dielectric material with dielectric layers and metal to provide proper conductivity. PCBs, find applications in electronic components like smartphones, dishwashers, or televisions. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"application-of-pcbs%25c2%25a0\">Application of PCBs<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll be surprised to learn that PCBs are in use everywhere, from automotive to medical devices. Below are specific areas you can find a PCB in use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n<li>PCBs, find application in medical devices like ultrasonic scanners, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">pacemakers<\/a>, and CAT imaging systems. Additionally, they find application in blood glucose monitors and blood pressure monitors.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>PCBs are finding typical applications in automobiles, especially in manufacturing electric cars. They are specifically used in control, sensor, entertainment, and navigation systems.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>You\u2019ll find PCBs in manufacturing equipment like the electric drill and temperature control devices.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-emitting_diode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Light Emitting diodes<\/a> which find common applications in computer displays, residential homes, and hospitals.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>In defense systems such as computers, control systems, firearms, and communication equipment. Additionally, PCBs find application in military aerospace, especially in flight systems.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Nowadays, at least every consumer product has a PCB inside. The products include computers, home appliances, phones, earphones, and radios.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>PCBs, find common use in the oil industry for monitoring and downhole sensors.<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Types of PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/starlinkhow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/1-92-1024x648.jpg\" alt=\"A lady soldering components to PCB\" class=\"wp-image-4306\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(A lady soldering components to PCB)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that you know where PCBs find application, let\u2019s look at the different types of PCBs: &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"single-layer-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Single Layer PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>A single-layer PCB comes with one layer of substrate or material. On one side, it\u2019s laminated with a metal layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, copper is the most commonly used metal. These PCBs find common use in consumer electronics and d microwave capabilities, including radios, appliances, smartphones, and laptops. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"double-layer-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Double Layer PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This PCB has a metal layer on either side of the substrate. Generally, they find applications in consumer electronics like smartphones and amplifiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, you can find them in interposer technology connecting two PCBs. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"multilayer-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Multi-Layer PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This PCB has at least three copper conductive layers. You\u2019ll find them in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourpcb.com\/hdi-pcb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">high-density interconnect (HDI) PCBs<\/a> which find application in aerospace and medical fields. Additionally, they\u2019re common in smartphones and other digital devices. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flexible-pcb%25c2%25a0\">Flexible PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourpcb.com\/flexible-pcb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">flexible PCB<\/a> comes with thin, flexible materials to fit into specific systems. In most cases, they find application in the same areas as a one-layer circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rigidflex-pcb\">Rigid-Flex PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourpcb.com\/rigid-flex-pcb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rigid-Flex PCB<\/a> is a multilayer PCB with both rigid and flexible materials. Generally, it\u2019s a 3D interconnect that you can fold and bend into any shape. Surprisingly, they can have up to 50 layers.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"highfrequency-pcb\">High-Frequency PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>These PCBs find application in high-technology HDI and are known for having low thermal expansion levels. You\u2019ll find them in RF microwave technology and high-speed communications.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aluminum-backed-pcb\">Aluminum Backed PCB<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This PCB relates to thermal conductivity and heat removal from a PCB. Generally, aluminum helps to draw out from the PCB faster, thus enabling it to work effectively. You\u2019ll find it in use in RF communications.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pcb-manufacturing-process\">PCB Manufacturing Process<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/starlinkhow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2-93.jpg\" alt=\"A PCB photo\" class=\"wp-image-4305\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(A PCB photo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The PCB manufacturing process is complex but manageable if you understand the steps. Check the steps below:<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-design\">The Design<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>First, there is the development of a basic design. At this point, there is already a detailed circuit board blueprint.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-print\">The Print<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Here, the PCB goes through printing, producing a resultant film that displays the different circuit board layers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally, the clear ink will represent non-conductive areas, while black ink stands for the conductive copper pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This applies to the inner layers. Therefore, the representation reverses for the outer layers.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-substrate\">The substrate<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This connects all the elements and comprises glass fiber and epoxy resin. The substrate is first semi-cured in an oven before etching the board design onto it.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-layers\">The Layers<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Here, blueprints are important in creating laminate of the inner layers. Additionally, a resist is a photosensitive film covering the laminate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The resist will cover the laminate to help in the PCB\u2019s alignment.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-bonding\">The Bonding<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>After that, the panels move to the room, where they\u2019re hit with UV light to harden the photoresist layer.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-refining-and-inspection\">The Refining and Inspection<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Here, an alkaline chemical solution helps to get rid of unwanted copper. After that, automated machines inspect the layers to ensure everything aligns in place.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lamination-pressing-and-drilling\">Lamination, Pressing, and Drilling<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>We expect the layers to be pressed together and laminated using prepreg. There is a layer of copper foil and substrate over the prepreg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, a mechanical press will press everything together and punch pins through to keep them in position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After that, pressure and heat are applied to fuse the layers. Finally, the computer-guided grill drills into the different holes to expose the substrate and inner panels.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-plating\">The Plating<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Panels undergo cleaning and bathing with a series of chemicals\u2014consequently, a thin copper layer deposits on the board\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"outer-layer-imaging\">Outer Layer Imaging<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Again, a photoresist is applied while imaging the outer design layers. Afterward, UV light is used to harden it. At this point, we remove any unwanted photoresists.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-plating\">The Plating<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Here, you apply a thin copper layer to the board. Afterward, the board goes through tin plating to protect underlying copper pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-final-etch\">The Final Etch<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>At this point, you remove any unwanted and exposed pieces. Surprisingly, tin covers copper and prevents it from damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consequently, there is a clear establishment of connections, pathways, and conducting areas.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"solder-mask-application\">Solder Mask Application<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>By now, the PCB is ready for solder mask application. However, before applying the solder mask, ensure the panels are clean.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"surface-finish\">Surface Finish<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This finish is necessary to improve the element\u2019s bonding to the PCB. Also, it increases the adhesion quality. Generally, you can use different materials, including gold and silver.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-silkscreen\">The Silkscreen<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This involves using inkjet to print out important PCB information. Therefore, this is the last coat.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-final-test\">The Final Test<\/h3>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/starlinkhow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/3-90.jpg\" alt=\"An engineer doing a PCB inspection\" class=\"wp-image-4304\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(An engineer doing a PCB inspection)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to run an electrical test on the PCB to ensure it\u2019s working well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In most cases, it\u2019s done in an automated and controlled environment. Alternatively, a professional technician can do the test.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-cutting\">The Cutting<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Lastly, after completing the testing, the PCB moves to a cutting machine which cuts the required number of boards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You should have your final PCB, which you can use to design any electronic device.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"top-pcb-design-programs\">Top PCB Design Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/starlinkhow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/4-82.jpg\" alt=\"An engineer using a design program\" class=\"wp-image-4303\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(An engineer using a design program)<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-pcb-boards-eagle\">What Are PCB Boards: Eagle<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EAGLE_(program)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Eagle<\/a> is a flexible editor that allows you to design PCBs and prototypes. The editor comes with a diagram editor diagram hierarchy to offer a better understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, it provides for seamless annotation between your diagram and board. Furthermore, you\u2019ll get layout diagrams having advanced features.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-pcb-boards-altium\">What Are PCB Boards: Altium<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The program was initially called Protel Systems. Surprisingly, the programs layout routing design environment with diagrams and documentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, you\u2019ll interact with 3D flex-rigid designs. Also, the program allows the output of production files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, there are several data conversion tools.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-pcb-boards-proteus\">What Are PCB Boards: Proteus<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>This software offers the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proteus_Design_Suite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Proteus<\/a> ISI and Proteus ARES. With Proteus ISI, you can create diagrams and electric simulations with ease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, Proteus ARES lets you manage PCB routing solutions with automatic component positioning.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-materials-are-important-for-pcb-layout-design\">What materials are important for PCB layout design?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Generally, they use metals like iron, aluminum, and copper for PCB layout design. However, copper is the most common material in use.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-constitutes-a-good-pcb-layout\">What constitutes a good PCB layout?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Fundamentally, a good PCB layout should have its ground and power planes internally within the board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, they should be at the center and regular to eliminate twisting and bowing of the PCB.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-pcbs-primary-purpose\">What is a PCB&#8217;s primary purpose?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>A PCB offers mechanical support and electrical connection to circuit components. Nowadays, a PCB is available on almost every electronic device.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, electronics are taking over the world and finding use in almost every aspect. Surprisingly, at the center of these devices are PCBs offering electrical connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For your PCB to work without problems, it should go through a reliable design. Well, we have highlighted the proper steps to follow above. Also, you can use Eagle, Altium, or Proteus for the PCB design.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are PCB boards? The world is undergoing changes, and at the center of it is technology. We have seen the development of electronic devices to manage almost every life aspect. Surprisingly, many don\u2019t know that these electronic devices come with a printed circuit board (PCB). But what are PCB boards, where can you use &#8230; <a title=\"What Are PCB Boards: The Ultimate Guide\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/yourpcb.com\/what-are-pcb-boards\/\" aria-label=\"More on What Are PCB Boards: The Ultimate Guide\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2500,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Are PCB Boards: The Ultimate Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are PCB boards? 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